Ganesan Vaidyanathan

Professor Emeritus in Radiology

Dr. Vaidyanathan is a professor in the Department of Radiology.  He is a member of the Nuclear Medicine track of the Medical Physics Graduate Program.  His research involves development of radiopharmaceuticals especially for oncologic applications.  Some of the projects he is involved in are given below.

I.          New methods of radiohalogenating antibodies and its variants 

a) Development of newer residualizing agents for the radiohalogenation of internalizing monoclonal antibodies.

b)  Development of fluorine-18 labeled residualizing agents for labeling nanobodies.

c) Pre-targeting approach via bioorthogonal chemistry for in vivo labeling of antibodies and nanobodies with 18F and 211At.

d)  Methods to label antibodies pre-conjugated with a prosthetic group of the tin precursor of residualizing agents.

e) Multimodal prosthetic groups for labeling antibodies and peptides with multiple radioisotopes.

II.         MIBG Analogs for PET imaging

Radioiodinated MIBG is used in the diagnosis of the pathophysiology of the heart as well as neuroendocrine tumors such as neuroblastoma (NB).  Design and development of newer fluorine-18 labeled MIBG analogues useful in the PET imaging of NB as well as that of myocardial diseases.

III. Noninvasive Imaging of Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) 

AGT is a DNA repair protein and is primarily responsible for drug resistance in alkylator chemotherapy. An inverse correlation has been established between the tumor AGT content and the therapeutic outcome. The amount of AGT varies from tumor to tumor and within a group of patients of similar cancer. Thus, it is important to quantify tumor AGT of individual patients before administering alkylator chemotherapy. Our goal is to develop radiolabeled agents with which AGT can be quantified in a noninvasive manner by PET or SPECT imaging. 

IV. PSMA targeting for prostate cancer therapy 

Development of At-211 labeled urea-based inhibitor of Prostate-specific membrane antigen.

Appointments and Affiliations

  • Professor Emeritus in Radiology
  • Member of the Duke Cancer Institute

Contact Information

  • Email Address: vaidy001@mc.duke.edu

Education

  • Ph.D. University of Kentucky, 1987
  • University of Kentucky, 1987
  • University of Kentucky, 1989

Representative Publications

  • Pruszynski, Marek, Eftychia Koumarianou, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Hilde Revets, Nick Devoogdt, Tony Lahoutte, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Targeting breast carcinoma with radioiodinated anti-HER2 Nanobody.” Nucl Med Biol 40, no. 1 (January 2013): 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2012.08.008.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., B. J. White, D. J. Affleck, X. G. Zhao, P. C. Welsh, D. McDougald, J. Choi, and M. R. Zalutsky. “SIB-DOTA: a trifunctional prosthetic group potentially amenable for multi-modal labeling that enhances tumor uptake of internalizing monoclonal antibodies.” Bioorg Med Chem 20, no. 24 (December 15, 2012): 6929–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.10.025.
  • Slastnikova, Tatiana A., Eftychia Koumarianou, Andrey A. Rosenkranz, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Tatiana N. Lupanova, Alexander S. Sobolev, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Modular nanotransporters: a versatile approach for enhancing nuclear delivery and cytotoxicity of Auger electron-emitting 125I.” EJNMMI Res 2, no. 1 (October 29, 2012): 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/2191-219X-2-59.
  • Chin, Bennett B., Anita Hjelemand, Jeremy Rich, Haijing Song, Christopher Lascola, Robert Storms, Roger McLendon, et al. “Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of n.c.a. iodoquine: a novel radiotracer with high uptake in cells with high ALDH1 expression.” Curr Radiopharm 5, no. 1 (January 2012): 47–58. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471011205010047.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Applications of 211At and 223Ra in targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy.” Curr Radiopharm 4, no. 4 (October 2011): 283–94. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471011104040283.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Darryl McDougald, Linda Grasfeder, Michael R. Zalutsky, and Bennett Chin. “An alternative and expedient synthesis of radioiodinated 4-iodophenylalanine.” Appl Radiat Isot 69, no. 10 (October 2011): 1401–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.05.004.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Applications of 211AT and 223RA in targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy.” Current Radiopharmaceuticals 4, no. 4 (2011): 283–94.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Benjamin White, Donna J. Affleck, Darryl McDougald, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Radioiodinated O(6)-Benzylguanine derivatives containing an azido function.” Nucl Med Biol 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 77–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.07.006.
  • Hens, Marc, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Xiao-Guang Zhao, Darell D. Bigner, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Anti-EGFRvIII monoclonal antibody armed with 177Lu: in vivo comparison of macrocyclic and acyclic ligands.” Nucl Med Biol 37, no. 7 (October 2010): 741–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.04.020.
  • Kato, Yukinari, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Mika Kato Kaneko, Kazuhiko Mishima, Nidhi Srivastava, Vidyalakshmi Chandramohan, Charles Pegram, et al. “Evaluation of anti-podoplanin rat monoclonal antibody NZ-1 for targeting malignant gliomas.” Nucl Med Biol 37, no. 7 (October 2010): 785–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2010.03.010.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Donna J. Affleck, Xiao-Guang Zhao, Stephen T. Keir, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “[Lu]-DOTA-Tyr-octreotate: A Potential Targeted Radiotherapeutic for the Treatment of Medulloblastoma.” Curr Radiopharm 3, no. 1 (2010): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471011003010029.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Haijing Song, Donna Affleck, Darryl L. McDougald, Robert W. Storms, Michael R. Zalutsky, and Bennett B. Chin. “Targeting aldehyde dehydrogenase: a potential approach for cell labeling.” Nucl Med Biol 36, no. 8 (November 2009): 919–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.08.001.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Emmanuelle Jestin, Tove Olafsen, Anna M. Wu, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Evaluation of an anti-p185(HER2) (scFv-C(H)2-C(H)3)2 fragment following radioiodination using two different residualizing labels: SGMIB and IB-Mal-D-GEEEK.” Nucl Med Biol 36, no. 6 (August 2009): 671–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2009.04.002.
  • Hens, Marc, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Phil Welsh, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Labeling internalizing anti-epidermal growth factor receptor variant III monoclonal antibody with (177)Lu: in vitro comparison of acyclic and macrocyclic ligands.” Nucl Med Biol 36, no. 2 (February 2009): 117–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.11.001.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Benjamin J. White, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Propargyl 4-[F]fluorobenzoate: A Putatively More Stable Prosthetic group for the Fluorine-18 Labeling of Biomolecules via Click Chemistry.” Curr Radiopharm 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 63–74. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471010902010063.
  • Vaidyanathan, G. “Meta-iodobenzylguanidine and analogues: chemistry and biology.” Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 52, no. 4 (December 2008): 351–68.
  • Rosenkranz, Andrey A., Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Oscar R. Pozzi, Vladimir G. Lunin, Michael R. Zalutsky, and Alexander S. Sobolev. “Engineered modular recombinant transporters: application of new platform for targeted radiotherapeutic agents to alpha-particle emitting 211 At.” Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 72, no. 1 (September 1, 2008): 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.05.055.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Astatine Radiopharmaceuticals: Prospects and Problems.” Curr Radiopharm 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 177. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874471010801030177.
  • Zalutsky, Michael R., David A. Reardon, Oscar R. Pozzi, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, and Darell D. Bigner. “Targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy with 211At-labeled monoclonal antibodies.” Nucl Med Biol 34, no. 7 (October 2007): 779–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2007.03.007.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Donna J. Affleck, Kevin L. Alston, Xiao-Guang Zhao, Marc Hens, Duncan H. Hunter, John Babich, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “A kit method for the high level synthesis of [211At]MABG.” Bioorg Med Chem 15, no. 10 (May 15, 2007): 3430–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.03.016.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Donna J. Affleck, Joseph Norman, Susan O’Dorisio, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “A radioiodinated MIBG-octreotate conjugate exhibiting enhanced uptake and retention in SSTR2-expressing tumor cells.” Bioconjug Chem 18, no. 6 (2007): 2122–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc700240r.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, K. L. Alston, and M. R. Zalutsky. “A tin precursor for the synthesis of no-carrier-added [*I]MIBG and [211At]MABG.” Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 50, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 177–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlcr.1243.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[*I]iodobenzoate: a radio-iodination agent for labeling internalizing proteins and peptides.” Nat Protoc 2, no. 2 (2007): 282–86. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2007.20.
  • Shankar, Sriram, Michael R. Zalutsky, Henry Friedman, and Ganesan Vaidyanathan. “Molecular imaging of alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase: further evaluation of radioiodinated derivatives of O6-benzylguanine.” Nucl Med Biol 33, no. 3 (April 2006): 399–407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.12.015.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate, an agent for labeling proteins and peptides with 18F.” Nat Protoc 1, no. 4 (2006): 1655–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.264.
  • Shankar, Sriram, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Chien-Tsun Kuan, Darell D. Bigner, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Antiepidermal growth factor variant III scFv fragment: effect of radioiodination method on tumor targeting and normal tissue clearance.” Nucl Med Biol 33, no. 1 (January 2006): 101–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2005.08.004.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, M. Schottelius, H. Wester, H. S. Friedman, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Synthesis and evaluation of glycosylated octreotate analogues labeled with radioiodine and 211At via a tin precursor.” Bioconjug Chem 17, no. 1 (2006): 195–203. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc0502560.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Preparation of N-succinimidyl 3-[*I]iodobenzoate: an agent for the indirect radioiodination of proteins.” Nat Protoc 1, no. 2 (2006): 707–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.99.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Kevin L. Alston, Darrel D. Bigner, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Nepsilon-(3-[*I]Iodobenzoyl)-Lys5-Nalpha-maleimido-Gly1-GEEEK ([*I]IB-Mal-D-GEEEK): a radioiodinated prosthetic group containing negatively charged D-glutamates for labeling internalizing monoclonal antibodies.” Bioconjug Chem 17, no. 4 (2006): 1085–92. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc0600766.
  • Shankar, Sriram, Michael R. Zalutsky, and Ganesan Vaidyanathan. “O6-3-[125I]iodobenzyl-2'-deoxyguanosine ([125I]IBdG): synthesis and evaluation of its usefulness as an agent for quantification of alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT).” Bioorg Med Chem 13, no. 12 (June 2, 2005): 3889–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.014.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, and M. R. Zalutsky. “No-carrier-added synthesis of a 4-methyl-substituted meta-iodobenzylguanidine analogue.” Appl Radiat Isot 62, no. 3 (March 2005): 435–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2004.07.001.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Abraham Boskovitz, Sriram Shankar, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Radioiodine and 211At-labeled guanidinomethyl halobenzoyl octreotate conjugates: potential peptide radiotherapeutics for somatostatin receptor-positive cancers.” Peptides 25, no. 12 (December 2004): 2087–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2004.08.018.
  • Vaidyanathan, G. “Astatine-211 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals, invited.” Transactions of the American Nuclear Society 91 (December 1, 2004): 856.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Philip C. Welsh, Katia C. Vitorello, Stacey Snyder, Henry S. Friedman, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “A 4-methyl-substituted meta-iodobenzylguanidine analogue with prolonged retention in human neuroblastoma cells.” Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31, no. 10 (October 2004): 1362–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-004-1596-8.
  • Shankar, Sriram, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Donna J. Affleck, Katia Peixoto, Darell D. Bigner, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Evaluation of an internalizing monoclonal antibody labeled using N-succinimidyl 3-[131I]iodo-4-phosphonomethylbenzoate ([131I]SIPMB), a negatively charged substituent bearing acylation agent.” Nucl Med Biol 31, no. 7 (October 2004): 909–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2004.04.007.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Donna J. Affleck, Kevin L. Alston, Philip Welsh, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Catabolism of 4-fluoro-3-iodobenzylguanidine and meta-iodobenzylguanidine by SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells.” Nucl Med Commun 25, no. 9 (September 2004): 947–55. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006231-200409000-00013.
  • Boyd, Marie, Robert J. Mairs, W Nicol Keith, Susan C. Ross, Philip Welsh, Gamal Akabani, Jonathan Owens, et al. “An efficient targeted radiotherapy/gene therapy strategy utilising human telomerase promoters and radioastatine and harnessing radiation-mediated bystander effects.” J Gene Med 6, no. 8 (August 2004): 937–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgm.578.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Sriram Shankar, Donna J. Affleck, Kevin Alston, Joseph Norman, Philip Welsh, Holly LeGrand, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Meta-iodobenzylguanidine derivatives containing a second guanidine moiety.” Bioorg Med Chem 12, no. 7 (April 1, 2004): 1649–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.026.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Donna J. Affleck, Joseph Norman, Phil Welsh, Wenge Liu, Stewart P. Johnson, Henry S. Friedman, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “O6-3-[131I]iodobenzylguanine: improved synthesis and further evaluation of a potential agent for imaging of alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.” Bioconjug Chem 15, no. 2 (2004): 402–8. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc0341977.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Imaging drug resistance with radiolabeled molecules.” Curr Pharm Des 10, no. 24 (2004): 2965–79. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612043383449.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Donna J. Affleck, Darell D. Bigner, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “N-succinimidyl 3-[211At]astato-4-guanidinomethylbenzoate: an acylation agent for labeling internalizing antibodies with alpha-particle emitting 211At.” Nucl Med Biol 30, no. 4 (May 2003): 351–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(03)00005-2.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Henry S. Friedman, Donna J. Affleck, Margaret Schottelius, Hans-Jürgen Wester, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Specific and high-level targeting of radiolabeled octreotide analogues to human medulloblastoma xenografts.” Clin Cancer Res 9, no. 5 (May 2003): 1868–76.
  • Shankar, Sriram, Ganesan Vaidyanathan, Donna Affleck, Phillip C. Welsh, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “N-succinimidyl 3-[(131)I]iodo-4-phosphonomethylbenzoate ([(131)I]SIPMB), a negatively charged substituent-bearing acylation agent for the radioiodination of peptides and mAbs.” Bioconjug Chem 14, no. 2 (2003): 331–41. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc025636p.
  • Vaidyanathan, Ganesan, Donna J. Affleck, Darell D. Bigner, and Michael R. Zalutsky. “Improved xenograft targeting of tumor-specific anti-epidermal growth factor receptor variant III antibody labeled using N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-iodobenzoate.” Nucl Med Biol 29, no. 1 (January 2002): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(01)00277-3.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, J. Li, P. Welsh, and M. R. Zalutsky. “A polar substituent-containing acylation agent for the radioiodination of internalizing monoclonal antibodies: N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[131I]iodobenzoate ([131I]SGMIB).” Bioconjug Chem 12, no. 3 (2001): 428–38. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc0001490.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., S. Shankar, D. J. Affleck, P. C. Welsh, S. K. Slade, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Biological evaluation of ring- and side-chain-substituted m-iodobenzylguanidine analogues.” Bioconjug Chem 12, no. 5 (2001): 798–806. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc010032r.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., S. Shankar, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Synthesis of ring- and side-chain-substituted m-iodobenzylguanidine analogues.” Bioconjug Chem 12, no. 5 (2001): 786–97. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc010031z.
  • Zalutsky, M. R., and G. Vaidyanathan. “Astatine-211-labeled radiotherapeutics: an emerging approach to targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy.” Curr Pharm Des 6, no. 14 (September 2000): 1433–55. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612003399275.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. Affleck, P. Welsh, A. Srinivasan, M. Schmidt, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Radioiodination and astatination of octreotide by conjugation labeling.” Nucl Med Biol 27, no. 4 (May 2000): 329–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(00)00098-6.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, C. M. Cavazos, S. P. Johnson, S. Shankar, H. S. Friedman, M. O. Colvin, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Radiolabeled guanine derivatives for the in vivo mapping of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase: 6-(4-[(18)F]Fluoro-benzyloxy)-9H-purin-2-ylamine and 6-(3-[(131)I]Iodo-benzyloxy)-9H-purin-2-ylamine.” Bioconjug Chem 11, no. 6 (2000): 868–75. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc0000435.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., A. Srinivasan, D. J. Affleck, P. C. Welsh, S. K. Slade, M. A. Schmidt, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Octreotide analogues labeled with radioiodine and astatine-211.” Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals 42, no. SUPPL. 1 (January 1, 1999).
  • Walicka, M. A., G. Vaidyanathan, M. R. Zalutsky, S. J. Adelstein, and A. I. Kassis. “Survival and DNA damage in Chinese hamster V79 cells exposed to alpha particles emitted by DNA-incorporated astatine-211.” Radiat Res 150, no. 3 (September 1998): 263–68.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Preparation of 5-[131I]iodo- and 5-[211At]astato-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl) uracil by a halodestannylation reaction.” Nucl Med Biol 25, no. 5 (July 1998): 487–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(98)00004-3.
  • Cunningham, S. H., R. J. Mairs, T. E. Wheldon, P. C. Welsh, G. Vaidyanathan, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Toxicity to neuroblastoma cells and spheroids of benzylguanidine conjugated to radionuclides with short-range emissions.” Br J Cancer 77, no. 12 (June 1998): 2061–68. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1998.348.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., M. R. Zalutsky, and T. R. DeGrado. “Iodopyridine-for-iodobenzene substitution for use with low molecular weight radiopharmaceuticals: application to m-iodobenzylguanidine.” Bioconjug Chem 9, no. 6 (1998): 758–64. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc980037x.
  • DeGrado, T. R., M. R. Zalutsky, R. E. Coleman, and G. Vaidyanathan. “Effects of specific activity on meta-[(131)I]iodobenzylguanidine kinetics in isolated rat heart.” Nucl Med Biol 25, no. 1 (January 1998): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(97)00158-3.
  • Larsen, R. H., G. Vaidyanathan, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Cytotoxicity of alpha-particle-emitting 5-[211At]astato-2'-deoxyuridine in human cancer cells.” Int J Radiat Biol 72, no. 1 (July 1997): 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/095530097143563.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., X. G. Zhao, D. K. Strickland, and M. R. Zalutsky. “No-carrier-added iodine-131-FIBG: evaluation of an MIBG analog.” J Nucl Med 38, no. 2 (February 1997): 330–34.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Fluorine-18-labeled [Nle4,D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH, an alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analogue.” Nucl Med Biol 24, no. 2 (February 1997): 171–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8051(96)00211-9.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., X. G. Zhao, R. H. Larsen, and M. R. Zalutsky. “3-[211At]astato-4-fluorobenzylguanidine: A potential therapeutic agent with prolonged retention by neuroblastoma cells.” British Journal of Cancer 76, no. 2 (1997): 226–33.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Method for radioiodination of proteins using N-succinimidyl 3-hydroxy-4-iodobenzoate.” Bioconjug Chem 8, no. 5 (1997): 724–29. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc9700502.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Targeted therapy using alpha emitters.” Phys Med Biol 41, no. 10 (October 1996): 1915–31. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/41/10/005.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., H. S. Friedman, S. T. Keir, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Evaluation of meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine in an athymic mouse human neuroblastoma xenograft model.” Nucl Med Biol 23, no. 6 (August 1996): 851–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(96)00115-1.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., H. S. Friedman, S. T. Keir, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Localisation of [131I]MIBG in nude mice bearing SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma xenografts: effect of specific activity.” Br J Cancer 73, no. 10 (May 1996): 1171–77. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1996.226.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., R. H. Larsen, and M. R. Zalutsky. “5-[211 At]astato-2'-deoxyuridine, an alpha particle-emitting endoradiotherapeutic agent undergoing DNA incorporation.” Cancer Res 56, no. 6 (March 15, 1996): 1204–9.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, and M. R. Zalutsky. “No-carrier-added (4-fluoro-3-[131I]iodobenzyl)guanidine and (3-[211At]astato-4-fluorobenzyl)guanidine.” Bioconjug Chem 7, no. 1 (1996): 102–7. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc950078i.
  • Reist, C. J., G. E. Archer, S. N. Kurpad, C. J. Wikstrand, G. Vaidyanathan, M. C. Willingham, D. K. Moscatello, A. J. Wong, D. D. Bigner, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Tumor-specific anti-epidermal growth factor receptor variant III monoclonal antibodies: use of the tyramine-cellobiose radioiodination method enhances cellular retention and uptake in tumor xenografts.” Cancer Res 55, no. 19 (October 1, 1995): 4375–82.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Fluorine-18 labeled chemotactic peptides: a potential approach for the PET imaging of bacterial infection.” Nucl Med Biol 22, no. 6 (August 1995): 759–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(95)00028-v.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Validation of 4-[fluorine-18]fluoro-3-iodobenzylguanidine as a positron-emitting analog of MIBG.” J Nucl Med 36, no. 4 (April 1995): 644–50.
  • Mairs, R. J., J. Russell, S. Cunningham, J. A. O’Donoghue, M. N. Gaze, J. Owens, G. Vaidyanathan, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Enhanced tumour uptake and in vitro radiotoxicity of no-carrier-added [131I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine: implications for the targeted radiotherapy of neuroblastoma.” Eur J Cancer 31A, no. 4 (1995): 576–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(95)00052-k.
  • Degrado, T. R., M. R. Zalutsky, and G. Vaidyanathan. “Uptake mechanisms of meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine in isolated rat heart.” Nucl Med Biol 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)00084-w.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “No-carrier-added meta-[123I]iodobenzylguanidine: synthesis and preliminary evaluation.” Nucl Med Biol 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 61–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)00078-x.
  • Strickland, D. K., G. Vaidyanathan, H. S. Friedman, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Meta-[131I]iodobenzylguanidine uptake and meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine treatment in human medulloblastoma cell lines.” J Neurooncol 25, no. 1 (1995): 9–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01054718.
  • Johnson, E. L., T. G. Turkington, R. J. Jaszczak, D. R. Gilland, G. Vaidyanathan, K. L. Greer, R. E. Coleman, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Quantitation of 211At in small volumes for evaluation of targeted radiotherapy in animal models.” Nucl Med Biol 22, no. 1 (January 1995): 45–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)00077-w.
  • Strickland, D. K., G. Vaidyanathan, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Cytotoxicity of alpha-particle-emitting m-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine on human neuroblastoma cells.” Cancer Res 54, no. 20 (October 15, 1994): 5414–19.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, and M. R. Zalutsky. “(4-[18F]fluoro-3-iodobenzyl)guanidine, a potential MIBG analogue for positron emission tomography.” J Med Chem 37, no. 21 (October 14, 1994): 3655–62. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00047a022.
  • Page, R. L., P. K. Garg, G. Vaidyanathan, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Preclinical evaluation and PET imaging of 18F-labeled Mel-14 F(ab')2 fragment in normal dogs.” Nucl Med Biol 21, no. 7 (October 1994): 911–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)90079-5.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. K. Strickland, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Meta-[211At]astatobenzylguanidine: further evaluation of a potential therapeutic agent.” Int J Cancer 57, no. 6 (June 15, 1994): 908–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910570622.
  • Mairs, R. J., M. N. Gaze, D. G. Watson, G. G. Skellern, P. Constable, K. McKellar, J. Owens, G. Vaidyanathan, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Carrier-free 131I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine: comparison of production from meta-diazobenzylguanidine and from meta-trimethylsilylbenzylguanidine.” Nucl Med Commun 15, no. 4 (April 1994): 268–74. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199404000-00157.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. Affleck, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Monoclonal antibody F(ab')2 fragment labeled with N-succinimidyl 2,4-dimethoxy-3-halobenzoates: in vivo comparison of iodinated and astatinated fragments.” Nucl Med Biol 21, no. 1 (January 1994): 105–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8051(94)90136-8.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Improved synthesis of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate and its application to the labeling of a monoclonal antibody fragment.” Bioconjug Chem 5, no. 4 (1994): 352–56. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00028a012.
  • Gaze, M. N., R. J. Mairs, G. Vaidyanathan, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Synthesis of carrier-free 131I-meta-iodobenzyl-guanidine by novel routes to enhance therapeutic efficiency in neuroblastoma.” Prog Clin Biol Res 385 (1994): 347–53.
  • Turkington, T. G., M. R. Zalutsky, R. J. Jaszczak, P. K. Garg, G. Vaidyanathan, and R. E. Coleman. “Measuring astatine-211 distributions with SPECT.” Phys Med Biol 38, no. 8 (August 1993): 1121–30. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/38/8/010.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “No-carrier-added synthesis of meta-[131I]iodobenzylguanidine.” Appl Radiat Isot 44, no. 3 (March 1993): 621–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-8043(93)90179-e.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. J. Affleck, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Radioiodination of proteins using N-succinimidyl 4-hydroxy-3-iodobenzoate.” Bioconjug Chem 4, no. 1 (1993): 78–84. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00019a011.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., D. D. Bigner, and M. R. Zalutsky. “Fluorine-18-labeled monoclonal antibody fragments: a potential approach for combining radioimmunoscintigraphy and positron emission tomography.” J Nucl Med 33, no. 8 (August 1992): 1535–41.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Labeling proteins with fluorine-18 using N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate.” Int J Rad Appl Instrum B 19, no. 3 (April 1992): 275–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2897(92)90111-b.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., M. Jay, R. K. Bera, P. R. Mayer, and R. K. Brazzell. “Scintigraphic evaluation of the ocular disposition of 18F-imirestat in rabbits.” Pharm Res 7, no. 11 (November 1990): 1198–1200. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015952930541.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Radioiodination of antibodies via N-succinimidyl 2,4-dimethoxy-3-(trialkylstannyl)benzoates.” Bioconjug Chem 1, no. 6 (1990): 387–93. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00006a004.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and M. R. Zalutsky. “Protein radiohalogenation: observations on the design of N-succinimidyl ester acylation agents.” Bioconjug Chem 1, no. 4 (1990): 269–73. https://doi.org/10.1021/bc00004a007.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and J. W. Wilson. “Reaction of Cyclopropanamines with Hypochlorite.” Journal of Organic Chemistry 54, no. 8 (April 1, 1989): 1815–20. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00269a014.
  • Vaidyanathan, G., and J. W. Wilson. “Decarboxylation of 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid and Its Derivatives.” Journal of Organic Chemistry 54, no. 8 (April 1, 1989): 1810–15. https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00269a013.